Operations Excellence & Business Model Innovation
Article Content
Process improvement begins with identifying primary and secondary goals. Identifying what customers to target, what products to focus on, and what resources are needed. The next step moves onto operations considerations of the industry and competencies needed to remain competitive if not dominate one’s niche.
The focus on the processes, tools, and structures needed to support continual improvements and innovation is often delayed (except during registration as a corporation) until the growth stage is entered; a delay that can be critical as growth is often unpredictable.
A common challenge facing startups or new business’ is the chasm between the initial build up stage and the gap crossed to reach the growth stage.
The processes, tools, structures, and competencies are different in the startup vs. growth stage and yet remain interdependent.
Without these one’s pursuit of operations excellence will likely remain deterministic, linear, and lack the perquisite foresight to integrate all relevant drivers and performance vectors.
Initiating the preparation for the growth stage requires a lot of foresight and commitment serving the company’s different customer segments:
The challenge is choosing what tools to use in the pursuit of operations excellence as each tends to emphasize its focus.
Focusing on inputs can improve the rest of the funnel but not if inadequately integrated.
The 7 Wastes of LEAN
The process (or means) can help integrate inputs but this does not necessarily drive the outputs or impact KPI’s desired by the client. Whereas the outputs can help deliver a minimum viable product (MVP) or impact but miss the opportunity of delighting the customer.
Reducing the 7 wastes in a process can decrease variability and improve quality; both a focus of LEAN and six-sigma.
Defects
This waste is related to the time and materials spent doing something of poor quality and later fixing it or scrapping it. Lean practitioners also count the cost of inspection as part of this waste (although you shouldn’t reduce inspection unless you’ve created perfect quality through mistake proofing techniques).
Here are a few examples from various industries:
- Misdiagnoses in healthcare
- The creation of parts that don’t meet safety regulations
- Software bugs
- Incorrect data entry
- Wrong food being delivered to your table in a restaurant
Source: Jacobson, G. (2017, October 13). KaiNexus Blog. Retrieved December 24, 2017, from https://blog.kainexus.com/improvement-disciplines/lean/7-wastes-of-lean/real-life-examples
Transportation
Transportation waste involves moving inventory, people, tools, or other items more often or over farther distances than is necessary. Examples of transportation waste include:
- Moving hospital patients from department to department
- Sending overstocked inventory back to a warehouse or an outlet store location
- Transportation of products from one functional area to another
- In software, it may mean moving code from one server or repository to another
- Transporting out-of-season produce from halfway around the world to your store instead of eating local
Source: Jacobson, G. (2017, October 13). KaiNexus Blog. Retrieved December 24, 2017, from https://blog.kainexus.com/improvement-disciplines/lean/7-wastes-of-lean/real-life-examples
Waiting
Waiting involves customers, patients, or parts sitting idle. Waiting happens when the person or item is ready for the next step, but the process is not ready to accommodate them.
- Patients in waiting rooms
- Software sitting in the QA queue
- System downtime
- Manufacturing processes waiting for component delivery
- Waiting for a flight that’s been delayed due to maintenance being done wrong (a defect)
Source: Jacobson, G. (2017, October 13). KaiNexus Blog. Retrieved December 24, 2017, from https://blog.kainexus.com/improvement-disciplines/lean/7-wastes-of-lean/real-life-examples
Motion
The waste of motion involves unnecessary movement of people or items within a work center. It is often the result of neglecting the 5s’. Here are some examples:
- People searching for materials, tools or equipment
- Handoffs in software development
- Poorly structured or disorganized work spaces
- Having to make too many clicks in a website or software to accomplish a small task
- Writing down your name and address and personal information into your doctor’s form for the umpteenth time
Source: Jacobson, G. (2017, October 13). KaiNexus Blog. Retrieved December 24, 2017, from https://blog.kainexus.com/improvement-disciplines/lean/7-wastes-of-lean/real-life-examples
Over Production
Producing more of a product than can be consumed at the time creates the waste of overproduction. Making too much of something (or making it too early) creates other types of waste. Overproduction is of particular concern because it tends to exacerbate the wastes of transportation, inventory and motion. Examples include;
- Production of components before the next stage in the process is ready to receive them
- Printing and filing of unnecessary documents
- Creation of meals that are not eaten or partially eaten
- Cars that sit unsold in a car dealer lot
- Hollywood making a movie that virtually nobody goes to see
Source: Jacobson, G. (2017, October 13). KaiNexus Blog. Retrieved December 24, 2017, from https://blog.kainexus.com/improvement-disciplines/lean/7-wastes-of-lean/real-life-examples
Over Processing
Over processing simply means doing work that does not add value to the customer. Over processing is resolved with simplification. Sometimes, in Lean, we can stop doing some things instead of figuing out how to do them better.
- Entering the same data in more than one place on a form or in a software application
- Multiple approval levels for a small spending request
- Ordering unnecessary tests for patients
- Cutting the crusts off of your kids’ sandwiches when they’re fine eating the crust now
Source: Jacobson, G. (2017, October 13). KaiNexus Blog. Retrieved December 24, 2017, from https://blog.kainexus.com/improvement-disciplines/lean/7-wastes-of-lean/real-life-examples
Inventory
The waste of inventory involves storing products or materials that are not needed at this time. Although it is a significant concern in manufacturing, it occurs in other sectors as well.
- Excess production of promotional materials or printed forms
- Cabinets full of office supplies
- Produce or food that goes to waste in our kitchen
- Kitchen gadgets that are accumulated and not used
- Unused or rarely used equipment
Source: Jacobson, G. (2017, October 13). KaiNexus Blog. Retrieved December 24, 2017, from https://blog.kainexus.com/improvement-disciplines/lean/7-wastes-of-lean/real-life-examples
The Business Model Canvas
What is needed is an operations excellence approach that integrates and aligns the inputs with the processes and the outputs across the business model ecosystem.
Measuring Deviations in Performance
Many tools are available for introducing operations improvements while aligning the business model ecosystem. Solutions proposed will be determined by the context, cause, and severity of the problem investigated. This will often depend on whether this is an common cause or special cause:
A Project Management Framework
A generic Lean Six Sigma project management framework for improving operations excellence is depicted below:
Stage | Strategies |
Initiation (stage 1): | Identify opportunity for improvements (critical incidents) based on known critical to quality factors |
Inputs | Form Working Group |
Schedule Working Group meeting | |
Planning (stage 2) | |
Identify Critical Incident | |
Inputs | Evaluate Road map |
Confirm Requirements | |
Charter, Communications Plan, Risk Register, Stakeholder, List, Change Management Plan, Customer/ Product Development Journey Map, etc. | Isolate area of focus: Supply Chain? Resources? Talent? Technology? Business Model? Environment? |
Execution (stage 3) | |
Process | Evaluate Common Cause; Evaluate Special Cause (review customer/ product / service journey map) |
Sprint: In product development, a sprint is a set period of time during which specific work has to be completed and made ready for review. Each sprint begins with a planning meeting. | Evaluate Performance Gap |
PDCA is an iterative four-step management method used in business for the control and continual improvement of processes and products. | Propose Solution |
Implement Solution | |
Test/ Evaluate Solution | |
The Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) methodology can be thought of as a roadmap for problem solving and product/process improvement (isixsigma.com) | |
Controlling & Monitoring (stage 4) | Communication |
Process | Confirm Solution Meets Requirements (or repeat above steps) |
Standardize Solution | |
Change Management | |
Training | |
Closing (stage 5) | Deliver Solution |
Outputs | Confirm Final Solution Meets Requirements |
(for example, are have any critical to quality factors been missing in the existing requirements and specifications documents?) | Document Lessons Learned |
Additional tools available: TQM, MBO, Lean, Statistical Process Control, etc.
Opportunities for business model innovation, and operations process improvement, are often unlimited. A focus on the critical to quality factors helps the product/ service team to not only focus their efforts but emphasize impact areas best aligned with customer requirements.
Critical to Quality Drivers
The following examples of ‘critical to quality’ parameters are provided from projects managed by Innovate Vancouver. This high level overview of CTQ’s was used to support ‘root cause analysis’ efforts as critical variations surfaced in the project.
BCMHA Emergency Planning Project
- Framework is easy to use
- Strategies implemented are easily memorized and distinct for each scenario
- The state of facilities supports the execution of each strategic area in the plan
- Emergency offsite locations (EOC) are easily accessible (<30min) by transit
- The backup generator provides power for systems A, D, X, and Z
- https://innovatevancouver.org/portfolio/bcmha-emergency-planning-project/
Statistic: No injuries.
Statistic: All staff trained by first quarter.
Statistic: EOC prepped and ready to serve and meet support criterion A, B, and C.
PMO Standardization Project
- Project Stages are consistent
- Project Tools are Consistent
- The process for initiating a project are clear, transparent, and easy to understand
- https://innovatevancouver.org/portfolio/bcmhsus-pmo-standardization-project/
Statistic: Less than 20% customization required
Statistic: Project velocity increased 110% first quarter; 125% second quarter; and 150% by the fourth quarter.
Statistic: Cost overruns less than 10% of the overall project budget by sixth quarter.
Trauma Informed Practice Project
- The 10 founding principles of TIP are incorporated into all policies, procedures, and guidelines.
- Each cost centre has developed a customer journey map
- The customer journey map is used to support ‘root cause analysis’ efforts
- https://innovatevancouver.org/portfolio/bcmhsus-trauma-informed-practice-leadership-development-initiative/
Statistic: 100% of all cost centres are aligned with the 10 key principles of the TIP model
Clinical Information Systems Upgrade & Migration Project
- The information architecture is matched for all agencies
- The content authored by the parent agency is stored in a central and accessible location to all agencies
- Parent agency repository is not duplicated in other agency repositories
- Parent agency repositories information architecture uses best practices for clinical information systems (and enterprise resource planning) content
- Agency content is authored, reviewed, and ‘owned’ by leadership representatives of each cost centre
- https://innovatevancouver.org/portfolio/sharevision-mapping-migration-project-healthcare-information-system/
Statistic: Confidentiality is maintained. No access without authorization.
Statistic: Security is maintained. No security breaches.
Statistic: Quality is maintained. Information collected and analyzed supports the 10 key functions identified by each cost centre using the CIS.
MS Office Upgrade Project
- Upgrade is rolledout is transparent, visible, and clear stages
- Rollout schedule is adjusted to meet operational and other project schedules as much as possible
- Each cost centre has a representative to help communicate, lead, and transition to the new COTS upgrade
- Key changes are identified and communicated in advance. Training is provided 1x for each cost centre, with additions (2-3x) as needed.
- https://innovatevancouver.org/portfolio/msoffice-cots-upgrade/
Statistic: Launch by date #N
Statistic: Minimal disruption to ongoing operations during each cost centre upgrade
Statistic: No service level critical incidents as a result of the upgrade process
Corporate Merger & Acquisition Project
- Identify areas where enterprise architecture compatibilities exist (merger focus)
- Identify areas where enterprise architecture incompatibilities exist (acquisition focus)
- Strengthen alignment across merger ERP areas
- Centralize alignment across acquisition areas as much as possible
- Use standardized and scaleable modules as much as possible.
- Minimize customization as much as possible
- https://innovatevancouver.org/portfolio/organization-merger-acquisition-project/
Statistic: Profits increase 125% by fourth quarter. By 150% by eighth quarter.
Statistic: ERP alignment across 80% of the companies
Statistic: Customization for less than 20% of ERP functions
Timesheet Software (ERP) Implementation Project
- Sort according to cost centre
- Sort according to position
- Sort according to salary
- Sort according to location
- Sort according to errors generated
- Minimize customization as much as possible
- Provide 10 separate trainings on how to use the module prior to launch
- Confirm cost centre roles for leadership, communication, and training across their respective domains
- https://innovatevancouver.org/portfolio/telephonic-timesheet-implementation-training-project/
Statistic: Payroll processed on schedule 100% of the time.
Statistic: Less than 20% errors first quarter. 10% errors second quarter. 5% errors going forward.
Operations Excellence & Business Model Innovation Plan
Cross system Organizational Learning must occur if business model components are to be aligned and continue to evolve. Without it the learning exists in isolated silos and limits the team’s ability to anticipate and respond to change in the rest of the system.
Resources:
Check out the interactive article, Knowledge Management in Sharepoint!
Travis Barker, MPA GCPM
Innovate Vancouver
Consulting@innovatevancouver.org
Innovate Vancouver is a Technology and Business Innovation Consulting Service located in Vancouver, BC. Contact us to help with your next project!